1.why we need network protocols and standards?
network protocols and standards are set of rules and guidelines how each network communication each other. as an example CISCO company design their network devices according to their own standards and HP company design their own networking devices their own standards. so when client want to send a data packet from CISCO device to HP network device. can he send that packet without any disturbance? no because standards are different.so overcome this type of issues finally every company follow a some sort of rules and regulations.that we are called network protocols and standards
2.what is Ethernet?
Ethernet is rule that tells to when connecting network devices in physical medium(cables) how that data packet transfer from start point to end point.
3.what is straight through cable?
straight through cable is common Ethernet type cable that are used for connect LAN networking devices. these straight through cables have same wiring pattern both ends.this means the pins on the connector at one end of the cable are wired corresponding pins on the connector at the other end.due to this wiring pattern it's only can connect different types of devices. like PC to router , router to switch no support for same device connection like switch to switch , router to router like that.
pin configuration
the straight through cable has same wiring pattern both ends
End 1 End 2
-------- --------
Pin 1 (Orange) ------- Pin 1 (Orange)
Pin 2 (White/Orange) - Pin 2 (White/Orange)
Pin 3 (Green) -------- Pin 3 (Green)
Pin 4 (White/Green) -- Pin 4 (White/Green)
Pin 5 (Blue) --------- Pin 5 (Blue)
Pin 6 (White/Blue) --- Pin 6 (White/Blue)
Pin 7 (Brown) -------- Pin 7 (Brown)
Pin 8 (White/Brown) -- Pin 8 (White/Brown)
3.what is crossover cable ?
this is another common type of Ethernet cable and due to this wiring pattern we can connect same network devices like PC to PC , switch to switch , router to router like that. the crossover cables achieves it's functionality by swapping the wiring of the transmit receive pins.In a crossover cable, the transmit pins on one end are connected to the receive pins on the other end. Specifically, the wires on pins 1 and 2 (transmit) on one end are connected to pins 3 and 6 (receive) on the other end.
crossover cable pins configuration
as a real world particle scenario imagine you want to connect 2 laptops without using switches or hub. so we can fulfill that requirement using cross over cable. but now a days due to Auto MDI-X technology usage of cross over cable decreased
4.what is Auto MID-X(Automatic medium dependent interface crossover) ?
this Auto MID-X is a cool feature in Ethernet network devices that help to automatically detect the cable type and configure easily.as an example you want to build up a simple office LAN network. without Auto MID-X you have to think and plug carefully. connect same devices you have to use crossover cable and connect different networks use straight through cable. but due to this feature we can do our all connection using only straight through cable
6.what is single mode and multimode fibre ?
7.ethernet standards for copper
8.when connecting pc & switch with utp cables which pin received and transmit both devices?
9.why this both devices use seaprate pin to receive and transmit data? full duplex avoid colelsion
10.which cable type use for connect switch to switch , router to router conncecion?
11.devices that received and transmitted data ?
12.why utp higest speed cables like 1000Base-T , 10Gbase-T use 8 pins & why they are bidirectional?
13.what are the usage of using fibre optic cables ? 1.higer length
14.why fibe optic cables have have 2 connectors in each channel? transimites and recived
15.fibre optic cable standards?
16.what are the diffrent betweeen utp & fibre optic cables?
17.explain types of the ethernet?
18.what is 10Base5?
19.what is the different between baseband transmission and broadband transmission?
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